DNA Pharmacogenetics (PGx)

About this test

Key Benefits

• Analyze Medication Response: Gain insight into how genetics may influence medication metabolism and effectiveness.

• Broad Drug Coverage: Includes analysis of more than 50 medications across multiple therapeutic areas.

• Simple At-Home Testing: Collect your sample easily using a saliva test at home.

• Detailed Digital Results: Access your personalized laboratory results online within approximately 4–8 weeks.

• Personalized Genetic Insights: Understand genetic variations linked to drug metabolism and medication response.

What This Test Measures

This test analyzes several genes involved in pharmacogenetics and drug metabolism, including:

• ABCG2

• CYP2C19

• VKORC1

• SLCO1B1

• CYP2C9

• CYP4F2

• TPMT

• NUDT15

• CYP2B6

• DPYD

• CES1

• MTHFR

• CYP3A4

• RYR1

These genes are involved in processes related to medication metabolism, transport, detoxification, and drug response. The analysis provides insight into whether an individual may metabolize certain medications more slowly, more rapidly, or differently than average.

The test includes medications within areas such as:

• Pain management

• Cardiovascular medicine

• Psychiatric medications

• Gastrointestinal treatments

• Oncology and immunology

• Antifungals and antivirals

About Pharmacogenetics

Pharmacogenetics studies how genetic differences may influence the body’s response to medications. Variations in certain genes can affect how drugs are absorbed, metabolized, transported, and eliminated from the body.

Understanding these genetic factors may provide additional insight into medication effectiveness, sensitivity, and potential side effect risk. Pharmacogenetic testing is increasingly used as part of personalized medicine approaches.

How It Works

• Order Your Kit: Purchase your test online.

• Collect Your Sample: Use the saliva collection kit at home.

• Send It Back: Mail your sample to the laboratory using the prepaid return envelope.

• Receive Results: Access your detailed digital laboratory results within approximately 3–5 weeks after the laboratory receives your sample.

Sample Collection

The sample is collected using a simple saliva test at home. You provide a saliva sample in the collection tube and return it to the laboratory for analysis using the prepaid return packaging included in the kit.

ISO-Certified Lab and Analysis

Your sample is analyzed in an ISO-certified laboratory using the Illumina GSA Microarray, a type of SNP genotyping technology used for accurate analysis of genetic variations related to medication response and drug metabolism.

Biomarkers included

• RYR1: RYR1 (Ryanodine Receptor 1) is a gene that encodes a calcium channel protein critical for muscle contraction. Variants in RYR1 are linked to malignant hyperthermia, a rare but serious reaction to certain anesthetics. Identifying RYR1 mutations can help assess risk and guide safer anesthesia choices during surgery.
• NUDT15: NUDT15 (Nudix Hydrolase 15) is an enzyme that plays a key role in the metabolism of thiopurine drugs, including azathioprine, mercaptopurine, and thioguanine. Genetic variations in NUDT15 can reduce its activity, increasing the risk of severe side effects such as bone marrow suppression. Testing for NUDT15 helps guide the appropriate thiopurine dosage to reduce toxicity and enhance treatment safet
• CYP2C9: CYP2C9 (Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily C Member 9) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in metabolizing many drugs and natural compounds in the body. It helps the liver detoxify and clear these substances. Variations in the CYP2C9 gene can affect how individuals process medications, impacting drug effectiveness and side effects, which is important for personalized medicine and dosing decisio
• ABCG2: ABCG2 (ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2) is a protein that functions as a cellular transporter, moving various molecules — including drugs, toxins, and metabolites — out of cells. As a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, it plays a key role in protecting tissues from harmful substances and contributes to drug resistance.
• CYP3A4: CYP3A4 (Cytochrome P450 Family 3 Subfamily A Member 4): CYP3A4 is one of the most important enzymes in drug metabolism, involved in breaking down a wide range of medications, including statins, immunosuppressants, benzodiazepines, and certain chemotherapy drugs. Genetic variations in CYP3A4 can influence drug clearance, affecting both efficacy and the risk of side effects. Testing CYP3A4 can help
• CYP4F2: CYP4F2 (Cytochrome P450 Family 4 Subfamily F Member 2) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, vitamin K, eicosanoids, and various drugs and toxins. It contributes to regulating blood clotting and inflammation. Genetic variations in CYP4F2 can affect how the body processes certain medications, particularly anticoagulants.
• CYP2C19: CYP2C19 (Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily C Member 19): CYP2C19 is an enzyme involved in metabolizing medications such as proton pump inhibitors, antidepressants, and clopidogrel. Genetic variations affect enzyme activity, influencing drug effectiveness and the risk of side effects. Testing CYP2C19 can help optimize medication dosing and treatment choices.
• VKORC1: VKORC1 (Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex Subunit 1): VKORC1 is an enzyme involved in the recycling of vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. Genetic variations in VKORC1 influence sensitivity to vitamin K antagonists like warfarin, affecting dosage requirements and the risk of bleeding. Testing VKORC1 can help personalize anticoagulant therapy for safer and more effective treatment.
• CYP2B6: CYP2B6 (Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily B Member 6): CYP2B6 is an enzyme that plays a role in the metabolism of various drugs, including bupropion, efavirenz, methadone, and certain anesthetics. Genetic variations in CYP2B6 affect enzyme activity, influencing drug breakdown, effectiveness, and the risk of side effects. Testing CYP2B6 can help optimize medication dosing and reduce the likelihood
• MTHFR: MTHFR (Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase): MTHFR is an enzyme that plays a central role in folate metabolism and the regulation of homocysteine levels. It converts 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate into 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, enabling the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine — a precursor to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the body’s primary methyl donor. Variants in the MTHFR gene, such as C
• TPMT: TPMT (Thiopurine S-Methyltransferase): TPMT is an enzyme that metabolizes thiopurine drugs, such as azathioprine, mercaptopurine, and thioguanine, which are used in autoimmune diseases and cancer treatment. Genetic variations in TPMT affect enzyme activity, influencing drug breakdown and toxicity risk. Individuals with low TPMT activity are at higher risk of severe bone marrow suppression. Testing
• SLCO1B1: SLCO1B1, also known as Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B1, is a membrane-bound transporter protein primarily located in the liver. It plays a key role in the uptake of various endogenous and exogenous compounds — including bile acids, hormones, drugs, and toxins — from the bloodstream into liver cells (hepatocytes). One of its main functions is facilitating the hepatic upta
• DPYD: DPYD (Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase): DPYD is an enzyme responsible for breaking down fluoropyrimidine drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine, commonly used in cancer treatment. Genetic variations in DPYD can lead to reduced enzyme activity, increasing the risk of severe toxicity, including bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal side effects. Testing DPYD helps identify indi

How to prepare

24 hours before: Avoid alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and intense exercise. 30 minutes before: Don’t brush teeth, drink, eat, smoke or chew gum.

Frequently asked questions

How does it work? / When do I get my results?

1. Order and receive your kit. 2. Perform the test. 3. Send a sample at the beginning of the week (to avoid delays). 4. Results digitally in 10–15 business days.

What is DNA Pharmacogenetics (PGx)?

Pharmacogenetics (PGx) is the study of how your genes affect your body's response to drugs. Because of your genetic makeup, certain medications may work better for you than others, some may not work at all, and others may cause unwanted side effects.

Who should take the PGx test?

This test is particularly beneficial for individuals taking multiple medications (polypharmacy), those who have experienced unexpected side effects from past treatments, or anyone looking to optimize their medication plan for maximum efficacy and safety.

How do I prepare for the test?

No special preparation is required for the saliva collection. However, you should avoid eating, drinking, smoking, or chewing gum for at least 30 minutes before providing your sample to ensure the highest purity of DNA.

Can I receive the raw data from my test?

No. We provide your results in a comprehensive report with the relevant values and interpretations. We do not provide the raw laboratory data.

Customer reviews

4.7/5 (3)

• 4/5 — Good to know how my body processes different drugs. It explains a lot!
• 5/5 — Really helpful for me and my doctor to figure out my dosage.
• 5/5 — Simple instructions and high quality report.